Thales of Miletus: Greek (ca. 624-546 BCE) --
Pythagoras: Greek (575-500 BCE) --
Eudoxus of Cnidus: Greek (390-337 BCE) --
Euclid: Greek (ca. 300 BCE) --
Archimedes: Greek (ca. 287-ca. 212 BCE) --
Eratosthenes: Greek (276-194 BCE) --
Claudius Ptolemy: Greco-Roman (100-170) --
Diophantus of Alexandria: Hellenistic Greek (ca. 201-285) --
Brahmagupta: Indian (598-668) --
Leonardo Pisano Bigollo, "Fibonacci": Italian (1170-1250) --
Gerolamo Cardano: Italian (1501-1576) --
John Napier: Scottish (1550-1617) --
Johannes Kepler: German (1571- 1630) --
René Descartes: French (1596-1650) --
Pierre de Fermat: French (1607-1665) --
Blaise Pascal: French (1623-1662) --
Isaac Newton: English (1642-1727) --
Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz: German (1646-1716) --
Giovanni Ceva: Italian (1647-1734) --
Robert Simson: Scottish (1687-1768) --
Christian Goldbach: German (1690-1764) --
The Bernoullis: Swiss (1700-1782) --
Leonhard Euler: Swiss (1707-1783) --
Maria Gaetana Agnesi: Italian (1718-1799) --
Pierre Simon Laplace: French (1749-1827) --
Lorenzo Mascheroni: Italian (1750-1800) --
Joseph-Louis Lagrange: French/Italian (1736-1813) --
Sophie Germain: French (1776-1831) --
Carl Friedrich Gauss: German (1777-1855) --
Charles Babbage: English (1791-1871) --
Niels Henrik Abel: Norwegian (1802-1829) --
Évariste Galois: French (1811-1832) --
James Joseph Sylvester: English (1814-1897) --
Ada Lovelace: English (1815-1852) --
George Boole: English (1815-1864) --
Bernhard Riemann: German (1826-1866) --
Georg Cantor: German (1845-1918) --
Sofia Kovalevskaya: Russian (1850-1891) --
Giuseppe Peano: Italian (1858-1932) --
David Hilbert: German (1862-1943) --
G.H. Hardy: English (1877-1947) --
Emmy Noether: German (1882-1935) --
Srinivasa Ramanujan: Indian (1887-1920) --
John von Neumann: Hungarian-American (1903-1957) --
Kurt Godel: Austrian-American (1906-1978) --
Alan Turing: English (1912-1954) --
Paul Erdős: Hungarian (1913-1996) --
Herbert A. Hauptman: American (1917-2011) --
Benoit Mandelbrot: Polish-American (1924-2010) --
Maryam Mirzakhani: Iranian (1977-2017).
